小孩子为什么说谎？

【内容提示】

小孩子全都天真无邪，但并非全都诚实。有好多小孩经常撒谎。小孩撒谎的责任在谁？怪孩子还是怪大人。请你就这一问题写一篇文章，用间接推理的方法论证小孩说谎的原因在家长和老师。

【作文示范】

Why Do Childrn Tll Lis?

All childrn ar innocnt, but not all of thm ar honst. Quit a fw of thm tll lis. W frquntly har about childrn bing punishd by thir parnts or tachrs for lying. My nphw, an lvn-yar-old boy, is oftn scoldd by his mothr. Whnvr h coms hom lat, h says that h was at school. But mor than onc h was found playing with othr naughty boys on thir way hom. Who is to blam now? Is it th childrn thmslvs who njoy tlling lis or othr popl, such as thir parnts or tachrs, who caus thm to do so?

W hav no doubt that childrn ar born to b pur. Thy grow up, affctd by thir surroundings. Although thy tak intrst in almost vrything, thy havn＇t dvlopd thir own powrs of indpndnt judgmnt. Thy can＇t tll what＇s right or what＇s wrong. Thir powrs of obsrvation①, in contrast, ar much strongr than thir powrs of judgmnt. And abov all, thy ar good at imitating②. Unfortunatly, w adults somtims li. Mayb w find it ncssary or hav to to do so somtims. This is somthing lik whit lis③. Th troubl is that most of us don＇t avoid doing so bfor childrn. Thus, childrn＇s lying is, in a way, th rsult of adult＇s act.

W also bliv that childrn crtainly mak mistaks. At first, thy do hav som intrst in truth and honsty. A boy has brokn a glass, and hav admittd his mistaks; h is almost likly scoldd instad of bing praisd by his parnts. And whn a pupil admits that h misss class on tim, h is usually warnd not to do that again anothr tim by his tachr. Gradually th child loss th courag to tll th truth; on th contrary, h fls it hlpful to tll lis: at last, h can scap bing punishd hr and now. And at last, h concluds that to tll lis is somhow a good way to gt rid of troubl. Bfor long th parnts and th tachr will b complaining that th child is always lying, but thy sldom raliz that it is thy who hav brought this on th child.

【词语解释】

①obsrvation[?&bs+＇viM+n]n．观察力

②imitat[＇imitit]v．模仿

③whit li善意的谎言

【写法指要】

本文在引言段一开头用了一个转折句排除了“all”中的一部分，接着举了一个具体事例引出一个选择性论点“是……还是……”。在正文中，作者运用“排他法”间接论证了孩子们说谎的两种原因：一是环境影响，二是成人误导。最后得出的结论是：小孩说谎的原因不在孩子本身，而在家长和教师。所以，最后还是用排除法把引言段中的选择性论点确定在“还是……”的强调部分了。所以，我们说，本文从头到尾都是用的排他法间接因果论证。排他法的优点是在对错误观点的逐个否定中加强了自己论点的正确性；在肯定或否定一种情况时，既说明了理由，又比较了优劣，有很强的说服力，使人相信最终的选择是惟一正确的。